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Archaeological site

Gudnja Cave Archaeological Site

The Gudnja cave is located above Ston (north of Dubrovnik) in the massif of the Porača hill at an altitude of 400 meters, from where there is an impressive view of both the immediate surroundings and a good part of the southern Adriatic and its hinterland. Surrounded by mercilessly steep rocks and slopes of mountain ranges that close access from almost all sides, the cave has an entrance facing the sea. The only natural and possible path is the one that leads to the Gulf of Ston and the southern Adriatic islands.

Archaeological findings indicate that the cave was used as a living space by a fairly small community of impresso-culture bearers, and in later stages artefacts with features of the Lisičić version of the Hvar culture were found. The multiple cultural layers also indicate that the cave was not used continuously, as a place of long-term living, but as a temporary residence. Moreover, based on bioarchaeological findings (remains of a domesticated goat or sheep, remains of large game, as well as shells and snails), they indicate that the economy of the communities that lived there was characterized by the initial forms of livestock farming and the hunting-gathering tradition.

As part of the site, flint, stone and bone artefacts with the purpose of stabbing and cutting (stone axes, harpoons, decorative pins and pendants), fine and coarse ceramics that were processed using different techniques were found. The colours used to decorate ceramics by engraving and painting, mostly with geometric shapes and straight lines, in later stages with curvilinear curves and circles, were brown, red, orange, white and black. All the archaeological materials found during the excavations in the middle of the 20th century, as well as during the subsequent excavations in 2004, indicate a special value and significance for the study of prehistory in the wider area of the eastern Adriatic.

 

Fun fact: Particularly interesting are two archaeological finds that cannot be included among the tools primarily intended for stabbing but were only used for threading a cord for fastening. These specimens are associated with the weaving of fishing nets or similar aids as far back as prehistoric times. 

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